اُردو افسانہ اورپانی کی علامت:تحقیقی و تنقیدی جائزہ

Urdu Short Story and the Symbolism of Water: A Research-Based and Critical Study

Abstract

Water is the basic need of human life. With the creation of mankind, the Creator pur hunger, thrust and sex in his instinct. In the current era social scientists are worried about water shortfall and its severe impacts. Urdu short story writers earlier presented this problem in their own style. Krishen Chandar, Saadat Hassan Minto and Khadija Mastoor are those short story writers, whom presented this problem symbolically. Human life in different areas and in different situation suffers with water shortfall. These short stories having wide aspects of life with their effects on human life. This article is an effort to put light on these short stories and symbolic attributes. This article having critical analysis and study to know the writers approach towards human life.

     References in Roman Format:       

1. Anwar Jamal, Prof., Adbi Istalahaat, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2017, P:129.130
2. Hafeez Siddqui, Abu-al-Ijaz, Kashaaf Tanqidi Istalahaat, Islamabad: Idara Farogh-e-Qaumi Zaban, 2018, P:123
3. Tabassam Kashmiri, Jadeed Urdu Shaa’eri Mein Alamat Nigari, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 1975, P:46
4. Saleem Akhtar, Dr., Adab aur La-Shaoor, Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, 2008, P:106
5. Sabeena Awais Awan, Dr., Afsana Shanasi, Faisalabad:Misaal Publishers, 2015, P:292
6. Krishen Chander, Pani Ka Darakht, Lahore: Naya Adara, 1968
7. Ibid, P:11
8. Ibid, P:17
9. Ibid, P:19
10. Ibid, P:22
11. Ibid, P:23
12. Farman Fatehpuri, Dr., Urdu Afsana aur Afsana Nigar, Lahore: Al-Waqar Publishers, 2002, P:131
13. Minto, Sa’aadat Hassan, Yazeed, Lahore: Maktaba Jadeed, 1951
14. Ibid, P:7
15. Ibid, P:14
16. Ibid, P:15
17. Risala Naqoosh, Lahore, Shumara 64, October 1954, P:64
18. Rashida Qazi, Dr., Urdu Afsanvi Adab ki Rawayat mein Khadija Mastoor ka Maqaam, Islamabad: Muqtadra Qaumi Zaban, 2010, P:12
19. Khadija Mastoor, Thanda Meetha Pani, Lahore: Matboo’aat, 1981
20. Shamim Zafar Ranad, Pakistan ki Numayenda Afsana Nigar Khawateen, Faisalabad: Rana Publishers, 2018, P:34
21. Anwaar Ahmad, Dr., Urdu Afsana Aik Sadi ka Qissa, Faisalabad: Misal Publishers, 2010, P:34
22. Taj Begum Farrukhi, Khadija Mastoor, Shakhsiyyat-o-Fann(Pakistani Adab ke Memaar), Islamabad: Academy Adbiyaat Pakistan, 2010, P:131
23. Khadija Mastoor, Thanda Meetha Pani, P:96
24. Naureen Razzaq, Dr., Pakistani Khawateen Afsana Nigar, Lahore: Dastavaiz Matboo’aat, 2016, P:76